An Optimal Sizing of Micro-Grid Hybrid System for Rural Communities in Kogi State Using an Improved Slime Mould Algorithm

Momoh I. O., Abdulsalam A. O., Hassan M.

Abstract


The increasing demand for efficient microgrid planning, operation, and optimization has intensified research efforts toward the optimal sizing of microgrid components. A microgrid is a localized power network that combines renewable and conventional energy sources, energy storage systems, and electrical loads within a specific geographical area. It can function either in a grid-connected mode or independently in an islanded mode. The main objectives of optimal microgrid sizing are to improve energy efficiency, reliability, economic performance, and environmental sustainability. In this study, an improved Slime Mould Algorithm (ISMA) was developed for the optimal sizing of an off-grid hybrid microgrid comprising photovoltaic (PV) systems and battery energy storage systems (BESS). Weather data obtained from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency and load demand data from the Kaduna Electricity Distribution Center were used to evaluate the proposed method. The sizing problem was formulated as a constrained single-objective optimization model subject to constraints such as Loss of Power Supply Probability (LPSP), power balance requirements, generation capacity limits, and battery State of Charge (SOC) restrictions. Three scenarios were investigated. In the first scenario, the maximum allowable LPSP was set at 30%, resulting in an optimal configuration that reduced the annual system cost to ₦210,175,383.72. The second scenario examined the effect of varying the allowable LPSP, revealing that higher LPSP values reduced the total installed capacity of distributed energy resources (DERs) and consequently lowered the overall system cost, while the capacities of PV and BESS changed nonlinearly. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed (ISMA) was validated through a comparative analysis with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The results demonstrated the superiority and applicability of the proposed approach. MATLAB simulations confirmed that the developed method provides an effective and sustainable solution for the optimal sizing of hybrid PV-BESS microgrid systems.


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