A Study of Factors Impacting Grid Stability in the Nigerian Electricity Supply Industry

Chidi Ike, Najashi B. Gafai

Abstract


Ensuring grid stability and optimizing demand response in power systems require an in-depth understanding of the interplay between feedstock availability, frequency governor control (FGC), and automatic voltage regulation (AVR). This study analyzes the impact of these factors on Nigerian power plants, revealing significant disparities in operational performance. Alaoji, Omotosho, and Trans-Amadi power plants recorded the highest feedstock unavailability, whereas Delta and Trans-Afam reported no such constraints. While Gbarain remained non-operational since 2022, Omotosho NIPP and Olorunsogo NIPP emerged as the leading contributors to FGC at 23%, followed by Kainji at 20%, with 62.5% of power plants providing no FGC support. AVR contributions were highest in Paras, Delta, and Jebba, whereas Omotosho NIPP, GPAL, and Sapele NIPP exhibited minimal impact. Regression analysis indicates that feedstock unavailability has a negligible effect on FGC but significantly influences AVR performance. Furthermore, an inverse relationship between FGC compliance and demand response suggests a potential trade-off between system controls, necessitating further investigation. Neither feedstock unavailability nor AVR exhibited a statistically significant impact on demand response. These findings underscore the need for a broader dataset and deeper exploration of interaction effects to refine strategies for enhancing grid stability and optimizing economic dispatch. 


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